Education and Sustainability
Speaker: Maga Kornelia Krajasits - ÖIR-Informationsdienste GmbH
Participant/s
- Orsolya Szelei Ferenc
- Ildikó Kertész
- Anita Thaler
- Marietta Kabova
- Lucyna Duda
- Lucyna Jaronicka
- Svatava Rumpelová
- Anna Vrsecká
- Janez Turnsek
- Johann Stehrer
- Milica Bracun
The situation prior to accession
Unemployment rates 2004 (total)
Unemployment rates 2004 (‹25 years)
Unemployment rates 2004 (women)
Economic activity rates 2004 (women)
Gross domestic product (GDP) 2002, market prices—Purchasing Power Parities per inhabitant
Employed Persons by highest level of education attained—tertiary education
Employed Persons by highest level of education attained—primary education
Employed Persons 2000-2004 by highest level of education attained—tertiary education
Employed persons 2000-2004 by sex—total
Employed Persons 2000-2004 by highest level of education attained—primary education
Topics
- Old industrialised areas – affected by structural change
- Border regions – inter-cultural exchange on enlargement
- Commuting within the regions – migration (on work)
- Comprehensively educated girls unable to find adequate jobs
- Need for skilled workers - little demand for university graduates
- Quality of workforce disparities between offer and demand
- High level of unemployment in rural areas
- Urban regions - specific labour market
Pictures / Maps of Europe
- Jobless figures
- Development of unemployed people
- Unemployment amongst women
- Unemployment amongst young people (specifically rural, the ability of societies to change lessens in parallel to their increased structuredness; supply and demand do not always coincide – this leads to intended and enforced mobility; more important alterations through changes in society: state-owned companies disintegrate, search for new profiles)
Comments
- Croatia: statistical data for Croatia fail to reflect real situation; vacancies exist but activities are required; migration to cities – Zagreb – what is needed is domestic mobility!
- Slovenia and some of the islands suffer from high unemployment while tourist regions hardly have any unemployment at all
- Bulgaria: tourism provides only seasonal jobs!
- Slovenia: day migration is no problem for some countries as roads are well developed e.g. in Slovenia
- Slovenia: labour market policy: industrial region not so large, medium-sized companies have a much stronger base than in e.g. Poland or Hungary – important beginnings exist: SMEs are crisis-resistant – emigration abroad rather rare - adolescents also have ties to the region
Industries
- Tourism: special labour market: flexible
- Industry: old heavy industry, mining: location inflexible: depending on raw material, different workforce, strong tradition, ties with job
- Service: trade: flexible working hours, little training, low wages, many women
- Business services: high educational level,mobility
Female employment rate
essential: traditions, religion
- Ireland: hardly any female employment ten years ago, today women are more integrated into the labour market.
- Southern Europe: few women in the active employment
- Hungary: positive situation to the West of Lake Balaton, other areas rather poor. More conservative family policy pushes women out of the labour market. In communist times high female employment rate.
- Scandinavia: high educational level, childcare, parental leave ... hence the high quota
- Bulgaria: equal access for girls and boys, entrance exams as many girls achieve superior results, hence boy quota; freer access.
- Slovenia: last-but-one for employment. Many young people go to university as theycannot find jobs, but there is no demand for graduates due to their lack of experience, in the past: first school, then work, and then diploma.
- Austria during the eighties: more girls go to universities – fewer women in active employment as they are still in training
In urban centres high educational levels, likewise in the industrial areas – new school buildings in the regions –
higher educational level. In agriculture this development did not follow suit.
Limitation through educational, fiscal policy and financial policy framework conditions
- State must not withdraw from education
- How big is the share of the national budget reserved for education?
- Wealth in the regions: South and East: dynamic development, growth rates higher than in «old Europe»- connection with subsidies
Education as a location factor / inter-regional inter-cultural exchange
Taking into account the factors: industry, mining, tourism
Services
What are the important issues/expectations of schools from the AG's perspective? And what can you as schools offer
the AGs
- Trade: low wage – low qualification, high wage - high qualification
Booming sector: banks, insurances etc. care for the sick, social services professions (important, but nevertheless
held in low esteem)
Tourism (Poland, Hungary)
What requirements from the point-of-view of the companies
What are the potentials of the schools? State has expectations for schools – language skills for cooperation;
Learning not only English as a foreign language but also the languages of the neighbouring countries
e.g. Russians as an economic potential – Russian is no longer spoken even in the CEE countries
English in demand but hardly useful in this region; investors from many European countries:
On sale are the sun, the sea, and food, but not culture despite very good general education at the schools. Croatia lacks cultural offers at tourism schools; models from overseas are more interesting for politicians even though they are not compatible with grown traditions; school is slow: lags behind the requirements of tourism; specialisation courses;
Industry (Slovenia, Croatia, Poland)
Local/ regional/ traditional/ international industry
Education mainly focuses in English, hardly any languages from neighbouring countries – how to communicate if all communication is restricted to English?
Migration of large company groups e.g. Siemens Austria to Bulgaria
Migration occurs in areas with traditionally well-trained skilled workers:
Location Austria: processing industry as opportunity for the future, bulk productionis cheaper in other countries;
Results
- Foreign languages are necessary – orientation by neighbouring countries
- Openness
- Creativity
- Cooperation skills
- Actively promote reactivated old relationships
- Schools shall deliver: trial courses, offer an approach to industrial work method
- Create awareness for industry and manufacturing in general education which rather trains for humanities professions; hence it is important to raise awareness.
- Regional exchange is important: Burgenland, Hungarian, Slovak border area strong economic cohesion, cross-border exchange
- Not only internationalisation, but also Europeanisation and regionalisation are important
- Decrease gap between highly educated and poorly educated population!
Project ideas
- What is more sustainable: if school orients itself by the needs of the economy? If school is geared to the needs of the universities? Is it more sustainable if schools receive a broad general education
- What do we expect from the Salzburg grammar schools: business world, universities, artists..- survey with subsequent filter: communalities
- Croatian - Austrian companies: what is expected of the schools
Slovenian – Croatian course: there are no Slovenian – Croatian language course books; joint culture: Interreg program: 1000 words - 1000 days in 4 languages
- Survey: what are the most popular jobs amongst secondary school students? Which jobs are popular: reality – vision. This information can easily be exchanged and compared: compare the students' job wishes with real job opportunities. Comparison of different schools and countries Offer
- Region's future - past. Changes on the labour market: parents' posibilities: opportunities on the labour market – comparison of generations
- Touristic peripheral areas: lots of information has been gathered Survey: can the students imagine to work, study, live anywhere else (motives and perceptions). Motives and ideas students have about livingin a different country - last schol year: because decisions are coming up
- What are the national particularities we do not wish to give up to globalisation. Own cultural potentials as an input for a joint Europe;
- Survey amongst Silesians why they do not leave their country? - mobility
They neither seek work within Poland
Tradition and mobility using the example of a mining region
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